Aditya-L1 carries seven instruments. Four remotely image and analyse the Sun across visible, ultraviolet and X-ray light; three sample the particles and magnetic field streaming past L1 in situ.
The primary payload, from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. It images and takes spectra of the Sun's corona very close to the disk, hunting coronal mass ejections and measuring coronal magnetic fields.
From IUCAA, Pune. It images the photosphere and chromosphere in near-ultraviolet light (200–400 nm) through 11 filters, tracking how energy flows through the lower atmosphere.
From the U R Rao Satellite Centre. It monitors soft X-rays from the Sun as a star, measuring the flares and temperatures that reveal how the corona is heated.
Also from the U R Rao Satellite Centre. It captures hard X-rays (10–150 keV) to study the explosive energy release and particle acceleration in solar flares.
From the Physical Research Laboratory. It measures solar-wind protons and heavier ions across a wide energy range, with directional information about the flow.
From the Space Physics Laboratory, VSSC. It analyses the composition and energy of solar-wind electrons and ions to characterise the plasma around L1.
From the Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems. Twin sensors on a deployable 6-metre boom measure the interplanetary magnetic field in all three axes, kept far from the spacecraft to avoid interference.
Between them, these instruments watch the Sun from its visible surface out to the corona, and feel its wind and magnetic field directly — a complete picture from one vantage point.
One of the deepest puzzles Aditya-L1 tackles is coronal heating: the Sun's surface is about 6,000 K, yet its outer corona blazes at over 2,000,000 K. Understanding how energy reaches and heats the corona is central to modern solar physics — and to forecasting the space weather that affects life on Earth.